What are common signs of acute coronary syndrome?

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a range of conditions associated with a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart, typically caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. The classic presentation includes symptoms that reflect the heart's oxygen deprivation and stress.

Chest pain is often described as a sensation of pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center or left side of the chest, and it may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, frequently accompanies chest pain and can be a result of cardiac strain or pulmonary congestion. Diaphoresis refers to profuse sweating and is a sympathetic response to pain and stress, commonly observed in patients experiencing ACS. Together, these signs create a recognizable pattern that healthcare providers look for when diagnosing conditions such as unstable angina or myocardial infarction.

Other options do not typically align with the primary symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome. For example, symptoms such as headache, fever, and fatigue do not directly relate to heart distress. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain can occur in some cases but are often correlated with other conditions or as atypical presentations. Confusion, weakness, and seizures generally indicate neurological issues rather than